COMPARISON OF THE PRODUCED AND PERCEIVED VOICE RANGE PROFILES IN UNTRAINED AND TRAINED CLASSICAL SINGERS
Identifieur interne : 000D77 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000D76; suivant : 000D78COMPARISON OF THE PRODUCED AND PERCEIVED VOICE RANGE PROFILES IN UNTRAINED AND TRAINED CLASSICAL SINGERS
Auteurs : Eric J. Hunter [États-Unis] ; Jan G. Švec [Pays-Bas] ; Ingo R. Titze [États-Unis]Source :
- Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation [ 0892-1997 ] ; 2005.
Abstract
Frequency and intensity ranges (in true dB SPL re 20 μPa at 1 meter) of voice production in trained and untrained vocalists were compared to the perceived dynamic range (phons) and units of loudness (sones) of the ear. Results were reported in terms of standard Voice Range Profiles (VRPs), perceived VRPs (as predicted by accepted measures of auditory sensitivities), and a new metric labeled as an Overall Perceptual Level Construct. Trained classical singers made use of the most sensitive part of the hearing range (around 3–4 KHz) through the use of the
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.08.009
PubMed: 16325373
PubMed Central: 4782147
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<series><title level="j">Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation</title>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Frequency and intensity ranges (in true dB SPL re 20 μPa at 1 meter) of voice production in trained and untrained vocalists were compared to the perceived dynamic range (phons) and units of loudness (sones) of the ear. Results were reported in terms of standard Voice Range Profiles (VRPs), perceived VRPs (as predicted by accepted measures of auditory sensitivities), and a new metric labeled as an Overall Perceptual Level Construct. Trained classical singers made use of the most sensitive part of the hearing range (around 3–4 KHz) through the use of the <italic>singer’s formant</italic>
. When mapped onto the contours of equal-loudness (depicting non-uniform spectral and dynamic sensitivities of the auditory system), the formant is perceived at an even higher sound level, as measured in phons, than a flat or A-weighted spectrum would indicate. The contributions of effects like the singer’s formant and the sensitivities of the auditory system helped the trained singers produce 20–40 percent more units of loudness, as measured in sones, than the untrained singers. Trained male vocalists had a maximum Overall Perceptual Level Construct that was 40% higher than the untrained male vocalists. While the A-weighted spectrum (commonly used in VRP measurement) is a reasonable first order approximation of auditory sensitivities, it misrepresents the most salient part of the sensitivities (where the singer’s formant is found) by nearly 10 dB.</p>
</div>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">8712262</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">2487</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Voice</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Voice</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation</journal-title>
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<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
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<title-group><article-title>COMPARISON OF THE PRODUCED AND PERCEIVED VOICE RANGE PROFILES IN UNTRAINED AND TRAINED CLASSICAL SINGERS</article-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hunter</surname>
<given-names>Eric J.</given-names>
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<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">+</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Švec</surname>
<given-names>Jan G.</given-names>
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<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">^</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Titze</surname>
<given-names>Ingo R.</given-names>
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<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">+</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">*</xref>
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<aff id="A1"><label>+</label>
The National Center for Voice and Speech, The Denver Center for the Performing Arts, Denver, Colorado</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>^</label>
Center for Communication Disorders, Medical Healthcom, Ltd., Prague 8, the Czech Republic and Groningen Voice Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>*</label>
The National Center for Voice and Speech, Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="FN1">CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Eric Hunter, PhD, National Center for Voice and Speech, The Denver Center for the Performing Arts, 1245 Champa St, Denver, CO 80204, Phone: 303-446-4834, Fax: 303-893-6487, <email>ehunter@dcpa.org</email>
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<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>1</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2005</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>08</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2016</year>
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<volume>20</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>513</fpage>
<lpage>526</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.08.009</pmc-comment>
<abstract><p id="P1">Frequency and intensity ranges (in true dB SPL re 20 μPa at 1 meter) of voice production in trained and untrained vocalists were compared to the perceived dynamic range (phons) and units of loudness (sones) of the ear. Results were reported in terms of standard Voice Range Profiles (VRPs), perceived VRPs (as predicted by accepted measures of auditory sensitivities), and a new metric labeled as an Overall Perceptual Level Construct. Trained classical singers made use of the most sensitive part of the hearing range (around 3–4 KHz) through the use of the <italic>singer’s formant</italic>
. When mapped onto the contours of equal-loudness (depicting non-uniform spectral and dynamic sensitivities of the auditory system), the formant is perceived at an even higher sound level, as measured in phons, than a flat or A-weighted spectrum would indicate. The contributions of effects like the singer’s formant and the sensitivities of the auditory system helped the trained singers produce 20–40 percent more units of loudness, as measured in sones, than the untrained singers. Trained male vocalists had a maximum Overall Perceptual Level Construct that was 40% higher than the untrained male vocalists. While the A-weighted spectrum (commonly used in VRP measurement) is a reasonable first order approximation of auditory sensitivities, it misrepresents the most salient part of the sensitivities (where the singer’s formant is found) by nearly 10 dB.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Voice Range Profile</kwd>
<kwd>long-term average spectrum</kwd>
<kwd>Singer’s formant</kwd>
<kwd>equal loudness</kwd>
<kwd>sone</kwd>
<kwd>phon</kwd>
<kwd>perception</kwd>
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