Retraining Attitudes and Stereotypes to Affect Motivation and Cognitive Capacity under Stereotype Threat
Identifieur interne : 000C64 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000C63; suivant : 000C65Retraining Attitudes and Stereotypes to Affect Motivation and Cognitive Capacity under Stereotype Threat
Auteurs : Chad E. Forbes ; Toni SchmaderSource :
- Journal of personality and social psychology [ 0022-3514 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
A series of experiments used a retraining paradigm to test the effects of attitudes and stereotypes on individuals’ motivation and processing capacity in stereotype threatening contexts. Women trained to have a more positive math attitude exhibited increased math motivation (Study 1). This effect was not observed for men but was magnified among women when negative stereotypes were either primed subtly (Study 2) or indirectly reinforced (Study 3). Although attitudes had no effect on working memory capacity, women retrained to associate their gender with being good at math exhibited increased working memory capacity (Studies 3 and 4) that in turn mediated increased math performance (Study 4) in a stereotype threatening context. Results suggest that although positive attitudes can motivate stigmatized individuals to engage with threatening domains, stereotypes need to be retrained to give them the cognitive capacity critical for success. Implications for interventions to reduce stereotype threat are discussed.
Url:
DOI: 10.1037/a0020971
PubMed: 20822288
PubMed Central: 2976624
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0014171</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">5147</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Pers Soc Psychol</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of personality and social psychology</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-3514</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1939-1315</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20822288</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2976624</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1037/a0020971</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS243734</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Retraining Attitudes and Stereotypes to Affect Motivation and Cognitive Capacity under Stereotype Threat</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Forbes</surname><given-names>Chad E.</given-names></name><aff id="A1">University of Arizona</aff></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schmader</surname><given-names>Toni</given-names></name><aff id="A2">University of British Columbia</aff></contrib></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="FN1">Please send correspondence to: Chad Forbes, Ph.D., Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences & Cognitive Neuroscience Section, National Institutes of Health, Building 10; Room 7D49, 10 Center Drive, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1440, <email>forbesce@cc.nih.gov</email>, Phone: 301-402-0060</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day><month>11</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>740</fpage><lpage>754</lpage><abstract><p id="P2">A series of experiments used a retraining paradigm to test the effects of attitudes and stereotypes on individuals’ motivation and processing capacity in stereotype threatening contexts. Women trained to have a more positive math attitude exhibited increased math motivation (Study 1). This effect was not observed for men but was magnified among women when negative stereotypes were either primed subtly (Study 2) or indirectly reinforced (Study 3). Although attitudes had no effect on working memory capacity, women retrained to associate their gender with being good at math exhibited increased working memory capacity (Studies 3 and 4) that in turn mediated increased math performance (Study 4) in a stereotype threatening context. Results suggest that although positive attitudes can motivate stigmatized individuals to engage with threatening domains, stereotypes need to be retrained to give them the cognitive capacity critical for success. Implications for interventions to reduce stereotype threat are discussed.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Stereotype threat</kwd><kwd>attitudes</kwd><kwd>stereotypes</kwd><kwd>motivation</kwd><kwd>working memory</kwd></kwd-group><contract-num rid="MH1">R01 MH071749-04
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