Horizontal directivity of low- and high-frequency energy in speech and singing
Identifieur interne : 000066 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000065; suivant : 000067Horizontal directivity of low- and high-frequency energy in speech and singing
Auteurs : Brian B. Monson ; Eric J. HunterSource :
- The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America [ 0001-4966 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Speech and singing directivity in the horizontal plane was examined using simultaneous multi-channel full-bandwidth recordings to investigate directivity of high-frequency energy, in particular. This method allowed not only for accurate analysis of running speech using the long-term average spectrum, but also for examination of directivity of separate transient phonemes. Several vocal production factors that could affect directivity were examined. Directivity differences were not found between modes of production (speech vs singing) and only slight differences were found between genders and production levels (soft vs normal vs loud), more pronounced in the higher frequencies. Large directivity differences were found between specific voiceless fricatives, with /s,∫/ more directional than /f,θ/ in the 4, 8, 16 kHz octave bands.
Url:
DOI: 10.1121/1.4725963
PubMed: 22779490
PubMed Central: 3407162
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Acoust Soc Am</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Acoust. Soc. Am</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0001-4966</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1520-8524</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Acoustical Society of America</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22779490</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3407162</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">013207JAS</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1121/1.4725963</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Speech Production [70]</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Horizontal directivity of low- and high-frequency energy in speech and singing</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Monson</surname><given-names>Brian B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">a)</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hunter</surname><given-names>Eric J.</given-names></name></contrib><aff>National Center for Voice and Speech, University of Utah, 136 S. Main Street, Suite 320, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Story</surname><given-names>Brad H.</given-names></name></contrib><aff>Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210071, Tucson, Arizona 85721</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><fn id="n1"><label>a)</label><p>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Present address: Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Electronic mail: <email>brian.monson@duke-nus.edu.sg</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>7</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>132</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>433</fpage><lpage>441</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>01</day><month>5</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>01</day><month>5</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 Acoustical Society of America</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Acoustical Society of America</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract><p>Speech and singing directivity in the horizontal plane was examined using simultaneous multi-channel full-bandwidth recordings to investigate directivity of high-frequency energy, in particular. This method allowed not only for accurate analysis of running speech using the long-term average spectrum, but also for examination of directivity of separate transient phonemes. Several vocal production factors that could affect directivity were examined. Directivity differences were not found between modes of production (speech vs singing) and only slight differences were found between genders and production levels (soft vs normal vs loud), more pronounced in the higher frequencies. 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