Music and literature: are there shared empathy and predictive mechanisms underlying their affective impact?
Identifieur interne : 000029 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000028; suivant : 000030Music and literature: are there shared empathy and predictive mechanisms underlying their affective impact?
Auteurs : Diana OmigieSource :
- Frontiers in Psychology ; 2015.
Abstract
It has been suggested that music and language had a shared evolutionary precursor before becoming mainly responsible for the communication of emotive and referential meaning respectively. However, emphasis on potential differences between music and language may discourage a consideration of the commonalities that music and literature share. Indeed, one possibility is that common mechanisms underlie their affective impact, and the current paper carefully reviews relevant neuroscientific findings to examine such a prospect. First and foremost, it will be demonstrated that considerable evidence of a common role of empathy and predictive processes now exists for the two domains. However, it will also be noted that an important open question remains: namely, whether the mechanisms underlying the subjective experience of uncertainty differ between the two domains with respect to recruitment of phylogenetically ancient emotion areas. It will be concluded that a comparative approach may not only help to reveal general mechanisms underlying our responses to music and literature, but may also help us better understand any idiosyncrasies in their capacity for affective impact.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01250
PubMed: 26379583
PubMed Central: 4547007
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000029
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4547007Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Music and literature: are there shared empathy and predictive mechanisms underlying their affective impact?</title><author><name sortKey="Omigie, Diana" sort="Omigie, Diana" uniqKey="Omigie D" first="Diana" last="Omigie">Diana Omigie</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26379583</idno><idno type="pmc">4547007</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4547007</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4547007</idno><idno type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01250</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000029</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000029</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Music and literature: are there shared empathy and predictive mechanisms underlying their affective impact?</title><author><name sortKey="Omigie, Diana" sort="Omigie, Diana" uniqKey="Omigie D" first="Diana" last="Omigie">Diana Omigie</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in Psychology</title><idno type="e-ISSN">1664-1078</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>It has been suggested that music and language had a shared evolutionary precursor before becoming mainly responsible for the communication of emotive and referential meaning respectively. However, emphasis on potential differences between music and language may discourage a consideration of the commonalities that music and literature share. Indeed, one possibility is that common mechanisms underlie their affective impact, and the current paper carefully reviews relevant neuroscientific findings to examine such a prospect. First and foremost, it will be demonstrated that considerable evidence of a common role of empathy and predictive processes now exists for the two domains. However, it will also be noted that an important open question remains: namely, whether the mechanisms underlying the subjective experience of uncertainty differ between the two domains with respect to recruitment of phylogenetically ancient emotion areas. It will be concluded that a comparative approach may not only help to reveal general mechanisms underlying our responses to music and literature, but may also help us better understand any idiosyncrasies in their capacity for affective impact.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Altmann, U" uniqKey="Altmann U">U. Altmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bohrn, I C" uniqKey="Bohrn I">I. C. Bohrn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lubrich, O" uniqKey="Lubrich O">O. Lubrich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menninghaus, W" uniqKey="Menninghaus W">W. Menninghaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, A M" uniqKey="Jacobs A">A. M. Jacobs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bharucha, J J" uniqKey="Bharucha J">J. J. Bharucha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stoeckig, K" uniqKey="Stoeckig K">K. Stoeckig</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bigand, E" uniqKey="Bigand E">E. Bigand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parncutt, R" uniqKey="Parncutt R">R. Parncutt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bohrn, I C" uniqKey="Bohrn I">I. C. Bohrn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Altmann, U" uniqKey="Altmann U">U. Altmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lubrich, O" uniqKey="Lubrich O">O. Lubrich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menninghaus, W" uniqKey="Menninghaus W">W. Menninghaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, A M" uniqKey="Jacobs A">A. M. Jacobs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brewer, W F" uniqKey="Brewer W">W. F. Brewer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lichtenstein, E H" uniqKey="Lichtenstein E">E. H. Lichtenstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brown, S" uniqKey="Brown S">S. Brown</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Citron, F M" uniqKey="Citron F">F. M. Citron</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Comisky, P" uniqKey="Comisky P">P. Comisky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bryant, J" uniqKey="Bryant J">J. Bryant</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cupchik, G C" uniqKey="Cupchik G">G. C. Cupchik</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oatley, K" uniqKey="Oatley K">K. Oatley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vorderer, P" uniqKey="Vorderer P">P. Vorderer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Downey, L E" uniqKey="Downey L">L. E. Downey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blezat, A" uniqKey="Blezat A">A. Blezat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nicholas, J" uniqKey="Nicholas J">J. Nicholas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Omar, R" uniqKey="Omar R">R. Omar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Golden, H L" uniqKey="Golden H">H. L. Golden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mahoney, C J" uniqKey="Mahoney C">C. J. Mahoney</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Egermann, H" uniqKey="Egermann H">H. Egermann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adams, S" uniqKey="Adams S">S. Adams</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eslinger, P J" uniqKey="Eslinger P">P. J. Eslinger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Farbood, M" uniqKey="Farbood M">M. Farbood</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ferstl, E C" uniqKey="Ferstl E">E. C. Ferstl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rinck, M" uniqKey="Rinck M">M. Rinck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Von Cramon, D Y" uniqKey="Von Cramon D">D. Y. von Cramon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Friston, K" uniqKey="Friston K">K. Friston</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frith, C C" uniqKey="Frith C">C. C. Frith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gabrielsson, A" uniqKey="Gabrielsson A">A. Gabrielsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gallese, V" uniqKey="Gallese V">V. Gallese</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garrido, M I" uniqKey="Garrido M">M. I. Garrido</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kilner, J M" uniqKey="Kilner J">J. M. Kilner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kiebel, S J" uniqKey="Kiebel S">S. J. Kiebel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Friston, K J" uniqKey="Friston K">K. J. Friston</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gebauer, L" uniqKey="Gebauer L">L. Gebauer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kringelbach, M L" uniqKey="Kringelbach M">M. L. Kringelbach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vuust, P" uniqKey="Vuust P">P. Vuust</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Giora, R" uniqKey="Giora R">R. Giora</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fein, O" uniqKey="Fein O">O. Fein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kronrod, A" uniqKey="Kronrod A">A. Kronrod</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elnatan, I" uniqKey="Elnatan I">I. Elnatan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shuval, N" uniqKey="Shuval N">N. Shuval</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zur, A" uniqKey="Zur A">A. Zur</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goldman, A" uniqKey="Goldman A">A. Goldman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gusnard, D A" uniqKey="Gusnard D">D. A. Gusnard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akbudak, E" uniqKey="Akbudak E">E. Akbudak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shulman, G L" uniqKey="Shulman G">G. L. Shulman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raichle, M E" uniqKey="Raichle M">M. E. Raichle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gygax, P" uniqKey="Gygax P">P. Gygax</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oakhill, J" uniqKey="Oakhill J">J. Oakhill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garnham, A" uniqKey="Garnham A">A. Garnham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hanauer, D" uniqKey="Hanauer D">D. Hanauer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hansen, N C" uniqKey="Hansen N">N. C. Hansen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pearce, M T" uniqKey="Pearce M">M. T. Pearce</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hjort, M" uniqKey="Hjort M">M. Hjort</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lavers, S" uniqKey="Lavers S">S. Lavers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hogan, P C" uniqKey="Hogan P">P. C. Hogan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hsu, C T" uniqKey="Hsu C">C. T. Hsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conrad, M" uniqKey="Conrad M">M. Conrad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, A M" uniqKey="Jacobs A">A. M. Jacobs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hsu, C T" uniqKey="Hsu C">C. T. Hsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, A M" uniqKey="Jacobs A">A. M. Jacobs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conrad, M" uniqKey="Conrad M">M. Conrad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hsu, C T" uniqKey="Hsu C">C. T. Hsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, A M" uniqKey="Jacobs A">A. M. Jacobs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Citron, F" uniqKey="Citron F">F. Citron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conrad, M" uniqKey="Conrad M">M. Conrad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hsu, C T" uniqKey="Hsu C">C. T. Hsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, A M" uniqKey="Jacobs A">A. M. Jacobs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Altmann, U" uniqKey="Altmann U">U. Altmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conrad, M" uniqKey="Conrad M">M. Conrad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huron, D" uniqKey="Huron D">D. Huron</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, A M" uniqKey="Jacobs A">A. M. Jacobs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Joffily, M" uniqKey="Joffily M">M. Joffily</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coricelli, G" uniqKey="Coricelli G">G. Coricelli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Juslin, P N" uniqKey="Juslin P">P. N. Juslin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Juslin, P N" uniqKey="Juslin P">P. N. Juslin</name></author><author><name sortKey="V Stfj Ll, D" uniqKey="V Stfj Ll D">D. Västfjäll</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kay, B P" uniqKey="Kay B">B. P. Kay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meng, X" uniqKey="Meng X">X. Meng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Difrancesco, M W" uniqKey="Difrancesco M">M. W. DiFrancesco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holland, S K" uniqKey="Holland S">S. K. Holland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Szarflaski, J P" uniqKey="Szarflaski J">J. P. Szarflaski</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Keen, S" uniqKey="Keen S">S. Keen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S. Koelsch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S. Koelsch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fritz, T" uniqKey="Fritz T">T. Fritz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schlaug, G" uniqKey="Schlaug G">G. Schlaug</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S. Koelsch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fritz, T" uniqKey="Fritz T">T. Fritz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schulze, K" uniqKey="Schulze K">K. Schulze</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alsop, D" uniqKey="Alsop D">D. Alsop</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schlaug, G" uniqKey="Schlaug G">G. Schlaug</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S. Koelsch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gunter, T C" uniqKey="Gunter T">T. C. Gunter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schroger, E" uniqKey="Schroger E">E. Schröger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tervaniemi, M" uniqKey="Tervaniemi M">M. Tervaniemi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sammler, D" uniqKey="Sammler D">D. Sammler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Friederici, A D" uniqKey="Friederici A">A. D. Friederici</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S. Koelsch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kasper, E" uniqKey="Kasper E">E. Kasper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sammler, D" uniqKey="Sammler D">D. Sammler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schulze, K" uniqKey="Schulze K">K. Schulze</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gunter, T" uniqKey="Gunter T">T. Gunter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Friederici, A D" uniqKey="Friederici A">A. D. Friederici</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krumhansl, C L" uniqKey="Krumhansl C">C. L. Krumhansl</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lehne, M" uniqKey="Lehne M">M. Lehne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Engel, P" uniqKey="Engel P">P. Engel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rohrmeier, M" uniqKey="Rohrmeier M">M. Rohrmeier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menninghaus, W" uniqKey="Menninghaus W">W. Menninghaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, A M" uniqKey="Jacobs A">A. M. Jacobs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S. Koelsch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lehne, M" uniqKey="Lehne M">M. Lehne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S. Koelsch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lehne, M" uniqKey="Lehne M">M. Lehne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rohrmeier, M" uniqKey="Rohrmeier M">M. Rohrmeier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S. Koelsch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lerdahl, F" uniqKey="Lerdahl F">F. Lerdahl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krumhansl, C L" uniqKey="Krumhansl C">C. L. Krumhansl</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levinson, J" uniqKey="Levinson J">J. Levinson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mai, X" uniqKey="Mai X">X. Mai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, C" uniqKey="Liu C">C. Liu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Madsen, C K" uniqKey="Madsen C">C. K. Madsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fredrickson, W E" uniqKey="Fredrickson W">W. E. Fredrickson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maess, B" uniqKey="Maess B">B. Maess</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S. Koelsch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gunter, T C" uniqKey="Gunter T">T. C. Gunter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Friederici, A D" uniqKey="Friederici A">A. D. Friederici</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mar, R A" uniqKey="Mar R">R. A. Mar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mar, R A" uniqKey="Mar R">R. A. Mar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oatley, K" uniqKey="Oatley K">K. Oatley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maus, F" uniqKey="Maus F">F. Maus</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meyer, L B" uniqKey="Meyer L">L. B. Meyer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miall, D S" uniqKey="Miall D">D. S. Miall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kuiken, D" uniqKey="Kuiken D">D. Kuiken</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miall, D S" uniqKey="Miall D">D. S. Miall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kuiken, D" uniqKey="Kuiken D">D. Kuiken</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miu, A C" uniqKey="Miu A">A. C. Miu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baltes, F R" uniqKey="Baltes F">F. R. Baltes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nummenmaa, L" uniqKey="Nummenmaa L">L. Nummenmaa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saarimaki, H" uniqKey="Saarimaki H">H. Saarimaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Glerean, E" uniqKey="Glerean E">E. Glerean</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gotsopoulos, A" uniqKey="Gotsopoulos A">A. Gotsopoulos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jaaskelainen, I P" uniqKey="Jaaskelainen I">I. P. Jaaskelainen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hari, R" uniqKey="Hari R">R. Hari</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oatley, K" uniqKey="Oatley K">K. Oatley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oatley, K" uniqKey="Oatley K">K. Oatley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Omigie, D" uniqKey="Omigie D">D. Omigie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Omigie, D" uniqKey="Omigie D">D. Omigie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pearce, M T" uniqKey="Pearce M">M. T. Pearce</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, L" uniqKey="Stewart L">L. Stewart</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Omigie, D" uniqKey="Omigie D">D. Omigie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pearce, M T" uniqKey="Pearce M">M. T. Pearce</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williamson, V J" uniqKey="Williamson V">V. J. Williamson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, L" uniqKey="Stewart L">L. Stewart</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Patel, A D" uniqKey="Patel A">A. D. Patel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rabkin, E S" uniqKey="Rabkin E">E. S. Rabkin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Robinson, J" uniqKey="Robinson J">J. Robinson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Salimpoor, V N" uniqKey="Salimpoor V">V. N. Salimpoor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benovoy, M" uniqKey="Benovoy M">M. Benovoy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Larcher, K" uniqKey="Larcher K">K. Larcher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dagher, A" uniqKey="Dagher A">A. Dagher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zatorre, R" uniqKey="Zatorre R">R. Zatorre</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schubotz, R I" uniqKey="Schubotz R">R. I. Schubotz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schulte Ruther, M" uniqKey="Schulte Ruther M">M. Schulte-Ruther</name></author><author><name sortKey="Markowitsch, H J" uniqKey="Markowitsch H">H. J. Markowitsch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fink, G R" uniqKey="Fink G">G. R. Fink</name></author><author><name sortKey="Piefke, M" uniqKey="Piefke M">M. Piefke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shamay Tsoory, S G" uniqKey="Shamay Tsoory S">S. G. Shamay-Tsoory</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aharon Peretz, J" uniqKey="Aharon Peretz J">J. Aharon-Peretz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perry, D" uniqKey="Perry D">D. Perry</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shamay Tsoory, S G" uniqKey="Shamay Tsoory S">S. G. Shamay-Tsoory</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomer, R" uniqKey="Tomer R">R. Tomer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berger, B D" uniqKey="Berger B">B. D. Berger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aharon Peretz, J" uniqKey="Aharon Peretz J">J. Aharon-Peretz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Slevc, L R" uniqKey="Slevc L">L. R. Slevc</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patel, A D" uniqKey="Patel A">A. D. Patel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Steinbeis, N" uniqKey="Steinbeis N">N. Steinbeis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S. Koelsch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sloboda, J" uniqKey="Sloboda J">J. Sloboda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Steinbeis, N" uniqKey="Steinbeis N">N. Steinbeis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S. Koelsch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Steinbeis, N" uniqKey="Steinbeis N">N. Steinbeis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S. Koelsch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taruffi, L" uniqKey="Taruffi L">L. Taruffi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S. Koelsch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Trost, W" uniqKey="Trost W">W. Trost</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ethofer, T" uniqKey="Ethofer T">T. Ethofer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zentner, M" uniqKey="Zentner M">M. Zentner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vuilleumier, P" uniqKey="Vuilleumier P">P. Vuilleumier</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Overwalle, F" uniqKey="Van Overwalle F">F. van Overwalle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Peer, W" uniqKey="Van Peer W">W. van Peer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wallentin, M" uniqKey="Wallentin M">M. Wallentin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, A H" uniqKey="Nielsen A">A. H. Nielsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vuust, P" uniqKey="Vuust P">P. Vuust</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dohn, A" uniqKey="Dohn A">A. Dohn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roerpstoff, A" uniqKey="Roerpstoff A">A. Roerpstoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lund, T E" uniqKey="Lund T">T. E. Lund</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilkins, R W" uniqKey="Wilkins R">R. W. Wilkins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hodges, D A" uniqKey="Hodges D">D. A. Hodges</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laurienti, P J" uniqKey="Laurienti P">P. J. Laurienti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stehen, M" uniqKey="Stehen M">M. Stehen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burdette, J H" uniqKey="Burdette J">J. H. Burdette</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zillmann, D" uniqKey="Zillmann D">D. Zillmann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zillmann, D" uniqKey="Zillmann D">D. Zillmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hay, T A" uniqKey="Hay T">T. A. Hay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bryant, J" uniqKey="Bryant J">J. Bryant</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zunshine, J" uniqKey="Zunshine J">J. Zunshine</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Psychol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Psychol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Psychol.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Psychology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1664-1078</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26379583</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4547007</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01250</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Psychology</subject><subj-group><subject>Perspective</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Music and literature: are there shared empathy and predictive mechanisms underlying their affective impact?</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Omigie</surname><given-names>Diana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001"><sup>*</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/28143"></uri></contrib></contrib-group><aff><institution>Music Department, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics</institution>,<country>Frankfurt am Main, Germany</country></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: <italic>McNeel G. Jantzen, Western Washington University, USA</italic></p></fn><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: <italic>Bradley W. Vines, Nielsen, USA; Stefan Koelsch, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany</italic></p></fn><corresp id="fn001">*Correspondence: <italic>Diana Omigie, Music Department, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Grüneburgweg 14, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, <email xlink:type="simple">diana.omigie@aesthetics.mpg.de</email></italic></corresp><fn fn-type="other" id="fn002"><p>This article was submitted to Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>8</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><elocation-id>1250</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>09</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>05</day><month>8</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 Omigie.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Omigie</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>It has been suggested that music and language had a shared evolutionary precursor before becoming mainly responsible for the communication of emotive and referential meaning respectively. However, emphasis on potential differences between music and language may discourage a consideration of the commonalities that music and literature share. Indeed, one possibility is that common mechanisms underlie their affective impact, and the current paper carefully reviews relevant neuroscientific findings to examine such a prospect. First and foremost, it will be demonstrated that considerable evidence of a common role of empathy and predictive processes now exists for the two domains. However, it will also be noted that an important open question remains: namely, whether the mechanisms underlying the subjective experience of uncertainty differ between the two domains with respect to recruitment of phylogenetically ancient emotion areas. It will be concluded that a comparative approach may not only help to reveal general mechanisms underlying our responses to music and literature, but may also help us better understand any idiosyncrasies in their capacity for affective impact.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>music</kwd><kwd>literature</kwd><kwd>emotions</kwd><kwd>esthetic</kwd><kwd>empathy</kwd><kwd>theory of mind</kwd><kwd>tension</kwd><kwd>active inference</kwd></kwd-group><counts><fig-count count="0"></fig-count><table-count count="0"></table-count><equation-count count="0"></equation-count><ref-count count="89"></ref-count><page-count count="6"></page-count><word-count count="5442"></word-count></counts></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro"><title>Introduction</title><p>The creation, performance, and consumption of music and literary works are preoccupations present in all cultures. Music and literature (in its original form of storytelling) have ancient origins and do not only lie at the heart of religious and cultural practices and narratives, but also provide widely popular leisure activities in everyday life. A number of psychological theories, some building on ideas dating as far back as classical antiquity (<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">Aristotle, 1961</xref>; <xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">Longinus, 1965</xref>), have sought to account for music and literature’s affective capacity independently (<xref rid="B59" ref-type="bibr">Meyer, 1956</xref>; <xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">Goldman, 2006</xref>; <xref rid="B34" ref-type="bibr">Huron, 2006</xref>; <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Zunshine, 2006</xref>; <xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">Keen, 2007</xref>). Others have examined the nature of emotion in response to the arts more generally (<xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">Hjort and Lavers, 1997</xref>; <xref rid="B71" ref-type="bibr">Robinson, 2007</xref>). Most accounts, however, maintain that in spite of any differences in propositional content (<xref rid="B77" ref-type="bibr">Slevc and Patel, 2011</xref>), and notwithstanding any prevailing notions regarding evolutionary capacity for emotion (<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">Brown, 2000</xref>), both music and literary works share a considerable ability to evoke powerful feelings. Further, evidence that music may evoke semantic representations (<xref rid="B45" ref-type="bibr">Koelsch et al., 2004</xref>; <xref rid="B79" ref-type="bibr">Steinbeis and Koelsch, 2008</xref>) would seem to temper any strong claims that the two are incomparable in terms of their ability to convey meaning.</p><p>Perhaps one of the most important qualities that binds music and literary reading, and differentiates them from a number of other cultural artifacts (such as paintings and sculpture), is that both unfold in time, offering a kind of “narrative” that can be followed (<xref rid="B70" ref-type="bibr">Rabkin, 1973</xref>; <xref rid="B58" ref-type="bibr">Maus, 1991</xref>; <xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">Levinson, 2004</xref>). While poetry, like music, may exercise affective impact through its emphasis on temporal stress and repetition, many different accounts emphasize the impact that even non-versed literary forms (e.g., short stories and novels) can have (<xref rid="B64" ref-type="bibr">Oatley, 1994</xref>; <xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">Hogan, 2010</xref>). Thus, given the timeless and universal appeal of music and literary storytelling, not to mention the claims from a range of theoretical accounts, it seems relevant to explore the emerging neuroscience research for any evidence of an overlap in underlying affective mechanisms. Recent research into music and literature has investigated a breadth of issues varying in their degree of domain specificity (e.g., <xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">Bohrn et al., 2012</xref>), and a comprehensive review of all possible links that can be made between the two art forms would require a longer format. Accordingly, the current perspective article focuses solely on what are considered key lines of investigation that have seen significant interest in both domains: namely, music and literature’s invocation of empathy and predictive processes and the potential role these mechanisms may play in emotion induction.</p></sec><sec><title>Inferring and Sharing Emotions</title><p>The notion of empathy-like mechanisms being involved in literary response is one that dates as far back as Aristotle’s Poetics (<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">Aristotle, 1961</xref>). Similarly, as early as in the eighteenth century, it was suggested that engagement of children with music is especially valuable in teaching emotions and a good social attitude. Today, in neuroscience and psychology, empathy may be broadly defined as the ability to infer and share emotional experiences (<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">Gallese, 2003</xref>). It is held to comprise two different components: a cognitive and an emotional one that encompass the notion of perspective-taking and shared visceral feeling respectively (<xref rid="B75" ref-type="bibr">Shamay-Tsoory et al., 2009</xref>). Importantly, while the former is related to the notion of Theory of Mind (TOM) and mentalizing (<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">Frith, 1999</xref>), the latter is seen as coinciding with the notion of emotional contagion (<xref rid="B38" ref-type="bibr">Juslin and Västfjäll, 2008</xref>; <xref rid="B37" ref-type="bibr">Juslin, 2013</xref>), with evidence of a double dissociation observable in the neuroscience literature (<xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">Eslinger, 1998</xref>; <xref rid="B76" ref-type="bibr">Shamay-Tsoory et al., 2003</xref>; <xref rid="B74" ref-type="bibr">Schulte-Ruther et al., 2007</xref>).</p><p>Fiction, the form of literature seen in short stories and novels, has been described as a kind of simulation of the social world (<xref rid="B57" ref-type="bibr">Mar and Oatley, 2008</xref>) and it has been suggested that its invocation of social situations not only explains readers’ tendency to mentalize during reading (<xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">Gygax et al., 2003</xref>) but also to feel emotions themselves (<xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Cupchik et al., 1998</xref>; <xref rid="B61" ref-type="bibr">Miall and Kuiken, 2002</xref>; <xref rid="B65" ref-type="bibr">Oatley, 2002</xref>). Over the years, a large body of neuroimaging studies has focused on the neural correlates of text comprehension (see <xref rid="B56" ref-type="bibr">Mar, 2011</xref>, for a review), emotion processing in single words (<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">Citron, 2012</xref>) and perspective-taking (<xref rid="B83" ref-type="bibr">van Overwalle, 2009</xref>). However, the extent to which cognitive or emotional empathy could be directly linked to the affective impact of literature remained limited. In recent years, however, it is becoming apparent that as text stimuli are rendered increasingly story-like or as feelings and emotions play a larger role in them (in other words, as text stimuli begin to resemble fiction or narrative literature), increasingly recruited are not only those areas involved in TOM processing [e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ)] but also limbic or emotion areas like the amygdala, thalamus, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; <xref rid="B85" ref-type="bibr">Wallentin et al., 2011</xref>). Indeed, in line with the notion of emotion induction occurring as a consequence of perspective-taking during literary reading, TOM areas and structures like the amygdala have been implicated in narrative contexts concerning characters’ feelings (<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">Ferstl et al., 2005</xref>), in negatively valenced stories (<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">Altmann et al., 2012</xref>), in emotional relative to non-emotional sections of <italic>Harry Potter</italic> (<xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">Hsu et al., 2014</xref>) and when participants heard spoken narratives describing real-life emotional episodes (<xref rid="B63" ref-type="bibr">Nummenmaa et al., 2014</xref>). A recent series of studies has provided further compelling evidence that the greater the emotional content of a story, the greater the recruitment of both cognitive and emotional empathy-related structures such as anterior insula and mid cingulate (<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">Altmann et al., 2012</xref>; <xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">Hsu et al., 2014</xref>, <xref rid="B31" ref-type="bibr">2015a</xref>,<xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">b</xref>,<xref rid="B33" ref-type="bibr">c</xref>). Such findings are in line with the so-called <italic>fiction feeling hypothesis</italic> (<xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">Jacobs, 2015</xref>), which states that greater emotionality in a narrative results in greater feelings of empathy and immersion.</p><p>In music, several studies have implicated various limbic and paralimbic structures in the processing of basic emotions, arousal and valence (e.g., happy vs neutral and consonance vs dissonance; see <xref rid="B41" ref-type="bibr">Koelsch, 2014</xref>, for a review). However, it may be argued that since music is not itself an emotional object, at least some emotions induced while listening to it must be inferred (<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">Downey et al., 2013</xref>). Supporting the notion that musical emotion may be inferred is the evidence that listeners show activation in structures associated with cognitive empathy during music listening. <xref rid="B80" ref-type="bibr">Steinbeis and Koelsch (2009)</xref> showed that when music listeners believed they were listening to a piece of music composed by a human rather than a computer, brain areas typically involved in mentalising, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), were activated. Further, in the condition known as Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, which is associated with a large network of structures including those involved in mentalising, it was shown that the mentalising deficits normally exhibited by these patients also extended to the music domain (<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">Downey et al., 2013</xref>). Specifically, patients were impaired in attributing mental states (e.g., dreamy), but not non-mental characteristics (e.g., raindrops) to music, with performance on the former task being more strongly associated with the vmPFC. Recent evidence of the recruitment of the default mode network (DMN) while listeners listened to their preferred music (<xref rid="B39" ref-type="bibr">Kay et al., 2012</xref>; <xref rid="B86" ref-type="bibr">Wilkins et al., 2014</xref>) also begs the question of the extent to which mentalising processes determine music preferences. The DMN is a network of structures that is preferentially activated when individuals engage in internal tasks like mind wandering and imagining the future. Critically, however, its sharing of a key structure, the mPFC, with the empathizing network, has been used to explain its frequent recruitment during mentalising and empathizing tasks (<xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Gusnard et al., 2001</xref>; <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Li et al., 2014</xref>).</p><p>In general, while it may seem highly plausible that readers empathize with human characters in a literary work, the notion of music-evoked empathy has tended to be less intuitive. It is therefore worth noting that in addition to the evidence obtained using neuroscience techniques, numerous behavioral and physiological studies continue to provide persuasive support for the role of empathy-related processes during music listening. For instance, it has been reported that the strength of emotions induced in music listeners (self-report and physiology) modulates as a function of perspective-taking with the music performer (<xref rid="B62" ref-type="bibr">Miu and Baltes, 2012</xref>). Further, it has also been suggested that the discrepancy that sometimes exists between <italic>expressed</italic> and <italic>felt</italic> emotions (<xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Gabrielsson, 2002</xref>) may be explained by the subjective degree of empathy felt by the listener for the musician (<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Egermann and Adams, 2013</xref>). Finally, it has been argued that the degree of the empathy trait possessed by a music listener may predict their appreciation of sad music (<xref rid="B81" ref-type="bibr">Taruffi and Koelsch, 2014</xref>).</p><p>Thus, taken together, a growing body of behavioral, physiological and neuroscience research provides support for the longstanding notion that empathy processes may contribute to the intensity of felt emotion during both literary reading and music listening. Social cognition comprises just one aspect of these activities, however, and, as hinted at above, the temporal unfolding of “information” over time in the two domains, may have an important influence on the way they are experienced. Accounts of brain function that emphasize prediction and active inference (<xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Friston, 2010</xref>) are particularly relevant to dynamically unfolding activities like music listening and reading. Thus, it is interesting to consider how such accounts are informing the investigation of emotional responses to these activities and what the result of such investigations are showing.</p></sec><sec><title>Predicting the Uncertain</title><p>In general, both music and language (the building blocks of literature) are comprised of discrete elements that are not combined haphazardly, but according to a set of principles (<xref rid="B69" ref-type="bibr">Patel, 2008</xref>). Just as linguistic syntax refers to the rules that guide the way language is constructed, so also has the term <italic>musical syntax</italic> been used to describe the set of principles guiding the combination of musical elements. In the field of cognitive neuroscience, a comparative approach has revealed similar electrophysiological signatures to irregular or unexpected events in the context of music and language (<xref rid="B69" ref-type="bibr">Patel, 2008</xref>). Specifically, “mismatch” responses to low probability events (e.g., <xref rid="B44" ref-type="bibr">Koelsch et al., 2001</xref>; <xref rid="B67" ref-type="bibr">Omigie et al., 2013</xref>) have been associated with longer processing times (<xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">Bharucha and Stoeckig, 1986</xref>; <xref rid="B66" ref-type="bibr">Omigie et al., 2012</xref>) and localized to the left and right inferior frontal gyrus (<xref rid="B55" ref-type="bibr">Maess et al., 2001</xref>; <xref rid="B43" ref-type="bibr">Koelsch et al., 2005</xref>). At this point it is worth acknowledging that the necessarily short and highly controlled stimuli that have commonly been used to bring about the signature mismatch responses may seem far removed from the rich and complex literary and musical materials experienced in everyday life. However, these mismatch responses have increasingly been interpreted as support for the Bayesian brain hypothesis, which posits that the brain continuously makes active inferences about how events in the environment will unfold (<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">Garrido et al., 2009</xref>; <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Friston, 2010</xref>; <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">Gebauer et al., 2012</xref>). Critically, growing investigations into the emotional implications of such predictive processes (e.g., <xref rid="B36" ref-type="bibr">Joffily and Coricelli, 2013</xref>; <xref rid="B68" ref-type="bibr">Omigie, 2015</xref>) raise the possibility that commonly observed electrophysiological responses reflect a broader mechanism underlying our affective responses to a wide range of stimuli.</p><p>Recently, attempts to characterize the experience of continuously and actively predicting have moved away from emphasizing correlates of incorrect predictions (as in the electrophysiological responses described above) to emphasizing the state of <italic>uncertainty</italic> experienced as a given sequence unfolds (e.g., <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">Hansen and Pearce, 2014</xref>; <xref rid="B48" ref-type="bibr">Lehne and Koelsch, 2015</xref>). In a recent comprehensive account, the concept of <italic>Tension</italic> was held to be relevant to music, literature (where tension is referred to as suspense), and a range of other activities, and was operationalized as an emotional experience, accompanying continuous prediction making, that arises from a state of uncertainty and need for resolution (<xref rid="B48" ref-type="bibr">Lehne and Koelsch, 2015</xref>). The concept of <italic>Tension</italic> has long been used in music listening (<xref rid="B54" ref-type="bibr">Madsen and Fredrickson, 1993</xref>; <xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">Bigand and Parncutt, 1999</xref>; <xref rid="B50" ref-type="bibr">Lerdahl and Krumhansl, 2007</xref>; <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">Farbood, 2012</xref>), where its build-up and relief is held to be made possible by listeners’ having internalized the tonal systems and forms of their culture’s music. Importantly, feelings of tension in music have also long been related to changes in physiological responses, for instance in response to increased harmonic complexity (e.g., <xref rid="B46" ref-type="bibr">Krumhansl, 1997</xref>; <xref rid="B78" ref-type="bibr">Steinbeis et al., 2006</xref>). However, only recently, have the neural correlates of musical tension been directly examined using neuroimaging methods (<xref rid="B49" ref-type="bibr">Lehne et al., 2014</xref>; see <xref rid="B41" ref-type="bibr">Koelsch, 2014</xref>). Indeed, while <xref rid="B42" ref-type="bibr">Koelsch et al. (2008)</xref> had demonstrated that structures like the amygdala and OFC are involved in the processing of syntactically irregular musical events (that brought about the previously mentioned mismatch responses), it was also of interest to see that such structures may be linked to the subjective feelings of musical tension (<xref rid="B49" ref-type="bibr">Lehne et al., 2014</xref>). Specifically, it was shown that that continuous subjective ratings of tension as provided by participants, correlated with unfolding activity in left pars orbitalis, an area associated with both predictive and affective processing. Further, a region-of-interest analysis was able to confirm the role of amygdala in mediating feelings of increasing relative to decreasing tension during music listening (<xref rid="B49" ref-type="bibr">Lehne et al., 2014</xref>). Interestingly, a number of other studies have also been able to indirectly associate subcortical and limbic structures with uncertainty and anticipation in music (<xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Salimpoor et al., 2011</xref>; <xref rid="B82" ref-type="bibr">Trost et al., 2012</xref>). For instance, <xref rid="B82" ref-type="bibr">Trost et al. (2012)</xref> described neural activity in response to a “tension” emotion (characterized by high arousal, negative valence, and unpredictability) not only in sensory and motor areas (linked to prediction making; <xref rid="B73" ref-type="bibr">Schubotz, 2007</xref>) but also in structures like the parahippocampal gyrus and caudate nucleus.</p><p>Suspense, the concept equivalent to musical tension in its induction of feelings of uncertainty and anticipation (<xref rid="B48" ref-type="bibr">Lehne and Koelsch, 2015</xref>), is held to constitute a critical component of narrative literature (<xref rid="B87" ref-type="bibr">Zillmann, 1980</xref>; <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">Brewer and Lichtenstein, 1982</xref>; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Comisky and Bryant, 1982</xref>; <xref rid="B64" ref-type="bibr">Oatley, 1994</xref>). Further, like musical tension, it has been shown to modulate physiological responses (<xref rid="B88" ref-type="bibr">Zillmann et al., 1975</xref>). Thus, of considerable interest was whether suspense evoked by literary reading would also activate the limbic and deep subcortical structures associated with musical tension (<xref rid="B42" ref-type="bibr">Koelsch et al., 2008</xref>; <xref rid="B49" ref-type="bibr">Lehne et al., 2014</xref>). In a first ever attempt to isolate the neural correlates of suspense that emerges as participants read a literary text for the first time, the authors presented participants with a narrative broken up into numerous shorter segments while their haemodynamic responses were measured (<xref rid="B47" ref-type="bibr">Lehne et al., 2015</xref>). Participants were required to rate each segment, following its presentation, for subjective feelings of suspense. Consequently a parametric regressor that summarized these ratings across participants was used to identify suspense-associated brain regions. The findings were interesting in implicating areas that have been associated with predictive processing in a range of contexts (e.g., inferior frontal gyrus and lateral premotor cortex, see <xref rid="B73" ref-type="bibr">Schubotz, 2007</xref>). Further, they were interesting in confirming the role, during the reading of literary texts, of brain areas related to mentalising (e.g., mPFC and TPJ). However, in not implicating a role of subcortical limbic structures in literary tension (as was seen in musical tension), the study from <xref rid="B47" ref-type="bibr">Lehne et al. (2015)</xref> suggested differences in the nature of musical and literature-induced uncertainty. Specifically, it suggested differences in the extent of these art forms’ recruitment of evolutionary ancient parts of the emotion-processing network.</p><p>It remains possible that any conclusions that may be drawn from the studies reviewed above will be moderated following future research. Indeed an important limitation of the literary tension study from <xref rid="B47" ref-type="bibr">Lehne et al. (2015)</xref> was the interrupted way in which the stimuli were presented, namely, in segments rather than all at once as in the musical tension study. It remains possible that these interruptions compromised the affective power of the narrative stimuli and, consequently, the extent to which limbic structures could be recruited. Indeed, as seen in the research reviewed earlier, several studies have been able to show a link between limbic activity and perceived emotional intensity of literary stimuli (<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">Ferstl et al., 2005</xref>; <xref rid="B85" ref-type="bibr">Wallentin et al., 2011</xref>; <xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">Altmann et al., 2012</xref>; <xref rid="B63" ref-type="bibr">Nummenmaa et al., 2014</xref>). Further, there is compelling evidence of the recruitment of limbic regions during the processing of literary stimuli that have been rendered more complex using artistic devices. Here, it is important to point out that in addition to those states of uncertainty that arise from following a plot in the many literary genres that employ suspense (e.g., crime novels, thrillers), states of uncertainty may also arise from a writer’s use of literary techniques, of which <italic>defamiliarization</italic> is one (<xref rid="B84" ref-type="bibr">van Peer, 1986</xref>; <xref rid="B64" ref-type="bibr">Oatley, 1994</xref>; <xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">Giora et al., 2004</xref>). Defamiliarization is defined as the process whereby a writer makes the familiar unfamiliar and has been shown to reduce the overall predictability of a text, while increasing its perceived esthetic value (<xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">Miall and Kuiken, 1994</xref>; <xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">Hanauer, 1998</xref>). In a recent imaging study, evidence was sought of a contribution of defamiliarization to the affective and esthetic perception of written words (<xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">Bohrn et al., 2012</xref>). Interestingly, it was shown that defamiliarized proverbs, such as “Time eats money” (a variant of Time <italic>is</italic> money) increased activity not just in syntax and semantics related brain areas, but also in limbic structures like the amygdala and medial OFC. Such findings suggest that even if uncertainty in the unfolding of a plot may not implicate the limbic network to the same degree as uncertainty in music, literature’s artistic use of language may provide a rich additional source of emotional power.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusion</title><p>In sum, the research literature provides an ever-increasing body of support for the notion of a role of empathy processes during both music listening and literary reading. It also suggests an important role of predictive processes during the consumption of such stimuli, although of interest will be to explore the extent to which uncertainty in the two domains is bound (or not) to activity in the core limbic network. In general, it may be concluded that a comparison of research findings from music and literature focused studies will continue to be enlightening, and that particularly important insights will emerge when studies in the two domains use similar concepts. Critically, it may be expected that while observed overlaps may help to explain the common appeal of music and literature as art forms, differences may help to explain any idiosyncrasies in their respective capacities for affective impact.</p><sec><title>Conflict of Interest Statement</title><p>The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.</p></sec></sec></body><back><ack><title>Acknowledgments</title><p>This work was supported by a stipend to DO from the Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics. The author thanks Melanie Wald-Fuhrmann and Winfried Menninghaus for their critical reading of earlier drafts of the manuscript. The author is also very grateful to the reviewers for their highly insightful comments and recommendations.</p></ack><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="B1"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Altmann</surname><given-names>U.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bohrn</surname><given-names>I. C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lubrich</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><name><surname>Menninghaus</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jacobs</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2012</year>). <article-title>The power of emotional valence-from cognitive to affective processes in reading</article-title>. <source>Front. Hum. Neurosci.</source><volume>6</volume>:<fpage>192</fpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fnhum.2012.00192</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22754519</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>Aristotle.</collab></person-group> (<year>1961</year>). <source>Poetics</source>, <comment>Butcher S. H., trans, Fergusson, F., intro.</comment><publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Hill & Wang</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bharucha</surname><given-names>J. J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stoeckig</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1986</year>). <article-title>Reaction time and musical expectancy</article-title>. <source>J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform.</source><volume>12</volume>, <fpage>403</fpage>–<lpage>410</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1037/0096-1523.12.4.403</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2946797</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bigand</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Parncutt</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1999</year>). <article-title>Perceiving musical tension in long chord sequences</article-title>. <source>Psychol. Res.</source><volume>62</volume>, <fpage>237</fpage>–<lpage>254</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s004260050053</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10652864</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bohrn</surname><given-names>I. C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Altmann</surname><given-names>U.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lubrich</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><name><surname>Menninghaus</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jacobs</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2012</year>). <article-title>Old proverbs in new skins—an fMRI study on defamiliarization</article-title>. <source>Front. Psychol.</source><volume>3</volume>:<fpage>204</fpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00204</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22783212</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Brewer</surname><given-names>W. F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lichtenstein</surname><given-names>E. H.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1982</year>). <article-title>Stories are to entertain: a structural-affect theory of stories</article-title>. <source>J. Pragmat.</source><volume>6</volume>, <fpage>473</fpage>–<lpage>486</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0378-2166(82)90021-2</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Brown</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2000</year>). <article-title>“The ‘musilanguage’ model of music evolution,”</article-title> in <source>The Origins of Music</source>, eds <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Wallin</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Merker</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Brown</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<publisher-loc>Cambridge, MA</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>MIT Press</publisher-name>), <fpage>271</fpage>–<lpage>300</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Citron</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2012</year>). <article-title>Neural correlates of written emotion word processing: a review of recent electrophysiological and hemodynamic neuroimaging studies</article-title>. <source>Brain Lang.</source><volume>122</volume>, <fpage>211</fpage>–<lpage>226</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.bandl.2011.12.007</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22277309</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Comisky</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bryant</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1982</year>). <article-title>Factors involved in generating suspense</article-title>. <source>Hum. Commun. Res.</source><volume>9</volume>, <fpage>49</fpage>–<lpage>58</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1468-2958.1982.tb00682.x</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cupchik</surname><given-names>G. C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Oatley</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Vorderer</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1998</year>). <article-title>Emotional effects of reading excerpts from short stories by James Joyce</article-title>. <source>Poetics</source><volume>25</volume>, <fpage>363</fpage>–<lpage>377</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0304-422X(98)90007-9</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Downey</surname><given-names>L. E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Blezat</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nicholas</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Omar</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Golden</surname><given-names>H. L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Mahoney</surname><given-names>C. J.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group> (<year>2013</year>). <article-title>Mentalising music in frontotemporal dementia</article-title>. <source>Cortex</source><volume>49</volume>, <fpage>1844</fpage>–<lpage>1855</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.cortex.2012.09.011</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23107380</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Egermann</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Adams</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2013</year>). <article-title>Empathy and emotional contagion as a link between recognised and felt emotions in music listening</article-title>. <source>Music. Percept.</source><volume>31</volume>, <fpage>139</fpage>–<lpage>156</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1525/mp.2013.31.2.139</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Eslinger</surname><given-names>P. J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1998</year>). <article-title>Neurological and neuropsychological bases of empathy</article-title>. <source>Euro. Neurol.</source><volume>39</volume>, <fpage>193</fpage>–<lpage>199</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000007933</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9635468</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Farbood</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2012</year>). <article-title>A parametric, temporal model of musical tension</article-title>. <source>Music. Percept.</source><volume>29</volume>, <fpage>387</fpage>–<lpage>428</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1525/mp.2012.29.4.387</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ferstl</surname><given-names>E. C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rinck</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>von Cramon</surname><given-names>D. Y.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2005</year>). <article-title>Emotional and Temporal Aspects of Situation Model Processing during Text Comprehension: an Event-Related fMRI Study</article-title>. <source>J. Cogn. Neurosci.</source><volume>17</volume>, <fpage>724</fpage>–<lpage>739</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1162/0898929053747658</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15904540</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Friston</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>). <article-title>The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory?</article-title><source>Nat. Rev. Neurosci.</source><volume>11</volume>, <fpage>127</fpage>–<lpage>138</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nrn2787</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20068583</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Frith</surname><given-names>C. C.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1999</year>). <article-title>Interacting minds—A biological basis</article-title>. <source>Science</source><volume>286</volume>, <fpage>1692</fpage>–<lpage>1695</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1126/science.286.5445.1692</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10576727</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gabrielsson</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2002</year>). <article-title>Emotion perceived and emotion felt same or different?</article-title><italic>Music. Sci.</italic><fpage>2001</fpage>–<lpage>2002</lpage>, <comment>123–147</comment>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gallese</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2003</year>). <article-title>The roots of empathy: the shared manifold hypothesis and the neural basis of intersubjectivity</article-title>. <source>Psychopathology</source><volume>36</volume>, <fpage>171</fpage>–<lpage>180</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000072786</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14504450</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Garrido</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kilner</surname><given-names>J. M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kiebel</surname><given-names>S. J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Friston</surname><given-names>K. J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2009</year>). <article-title>Dynamic causal modeling of the response to frequency deviants</article-title>. <source>J. Neurophysiol.</source><volume>101</volume>, <fpage>2620</fpage>–<lpage>2631</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1152/jn.90291.2008</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19261714</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gebauer</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kringelbach</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Vuust</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2012</year>). <article-title>The ever-changing cycles of musical pleasure: the role of dopamine and anticipation</article-title>. <source>Psychomusicology</source><volume>22</volume>, <fpage>152</fpage>–<lpage>167</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1037/a0031126</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Giora</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fein</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kronrod</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Elnatan</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shuval</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zur</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2004</year>). <article-title>Weapons of mass distraction: optimal innovation and pleasure ratings</article-title>. <source>Metaphor Symbol.</source><volume>19</volume>, <fpage>115</fpage>–<lpage>141</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1207/s15327868ms1902_2</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Goldman</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2006</year>). <source>Simulating Minds: The Philosophy, Psychology, and Neuroscience of Mindreading</source>. <publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/0195138929.001.0001</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gusnard</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Akbudak</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shulman</surname><given-names>G. L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Raichle</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2001</year>). <article-title>Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: relation to a default mode of brain function</article-title>. <source>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</source><volume>98</volume>, <fpage>4259</fpage>–<lpage>4264</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.071043098</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11259662</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gygax</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Oakhill</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Garnham</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2003</year>). <article-title>The representation of characters’ emotional responses: do readers infer specific emotions?</article-title><source>Cogn. Emot.</source><volume>17</volume>, <fpage>413</fpage>–<lpage>428</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/02699930244000048</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hanauer</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1998</year>). <article-title>The genre-specific hypothesis of reading: reading poetry and encyclopedic items</article-title>. <source>Poetics</source><volume>26</volume>, <fpage>63</fpage>–<lpage>80</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0304-422X(98)00011-4</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hansen</surname><given-names>N. C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Pearce</surname><given-names>M. T.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>Predictive uncertainty in auditory sequence processing</article-title>. <source>Front. Psychol.</source><volume>5</volume>:<fpage>1052</fpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01052</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25295018</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hjort</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lavers</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1997</year>). <source>Emotion and the Arts</source>. <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hogan</surname><given-names>P. C.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>). <article-title>Fiction and Feelings: on the place of literature in the study of Emotion</article-title>. <source>Emot. Rev.</source><volume>2</volume>, <fpage>184</fpage>–<lpage>195</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1754073909352874</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hsu</surname><given-names>C. T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Conrad</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jacobs</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>Fiction feelings in Harry Potter: haemodynamic response in the mid-cingulate cortex correlates with immersive reading experience</article-title>. <source>Neuroimage</source><volume>25</volume>, <fpage>1356</fpage>–<lpage>1361</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/wnr.0000000000000272</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25304498</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hsu</surname><given-names>C. T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jacobs</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Conrad</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2015a</year>). <article-title>Can Harry Potter still put a spell on us in a second language? An fMRI study on reading emotion-laden literature in late bilinguals</article-title>. <source>Cortex</source><volume>63</volume>, <fpage>282</fpage>–<lpage>295</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.cortex.2014.09.002</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25305809</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hsu</surname><given-names>C. T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jacobs</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Citron</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Conrad</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2015b</year>). <article-title>The emotion potential of words and passages in reading harry potter: an fMRI study</article-title>. <source>Brain Lang.</source><volume>142</volume>, <fpage>96</fpage>–<lpage>114</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.bandl.2015.01.011</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25681681</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hsu</surname><given-names>C. T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jacobs</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Altmann</surname><given-names>U.</given-names></name><name><surname>Conrad</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2015c</year>). <article-title>The magical activation of left amygdala when reading harry potter: an FMRI study on how descriptions of supra-natural events entertain and enchant</article-title>. <source>PLoS ONE</source><volume>10</volume>:<fpage>e0118179</fpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0118179</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25671315</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Huron</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2006</year>). <source>Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation</source>. <publisher-loc>Cambridge, MA</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>MIT Press</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jacobs</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2015</year>). <article-title>“Towards a neurocognitive poetics model of literary reading,”</article-title> in <source>Cognitive Neuroscience of Natural Language Use</source>, ed. <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Willems</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<publisher-loc>Cambridge</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name>), <fpage>135</fpage>–<lpage>159</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Joffily</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Coricelli</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2013</year>). <article-title>Emotional valence and the free-energy principle</article-title>. <source>PLoS Comp. Biol.</source><volume>9</volume>:<fpage>e1003094</fpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003094</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23785269</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Juslin</surname><given-names>P. N.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2013</year>). <article-title>From everyday emotions to aesthetic emotions: towards a unified theory of musical emotions</article-title>. <source>Phys. Life. Rev.</source><volume>10</volume>, <fpage>235</fpage>–<lpage>266</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.plrev.2013.05.008</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23769678</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Juslin</surname><given-names>P. N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Västfjäll</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>Emotional responses to music: the need to consider underlying mechanisms</article-title>. <source>Behav. Brain Sci.</source><volume>31</volume>, <fpage>559</fpage>–<lpage>575</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1017/S0140525X08005293</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18826699</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kay</surname><given-names>B. P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Meng</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>DiFrancesco</surname><given-names>M. W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Holland</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Szarflaski</surname><given-names>J. P.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2012</year>). <article-title>Moderating effects of music on resting state networks</article-title>. <source>Brain Res.</source><volume>477</volume>, <fpage>53</fpage>–<lpage>64</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.064</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22365746</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Keen</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2007</year>). <source>Empathy and the Novel</source>. <publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195175769.001.0001</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Koelsch</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions</article-title>. <source>Nat. Rev. Neurosci.</source><volume>15</volume>, <fpage>170</fpage>–<lpage>180</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nrn3666</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24552785</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Koelsch</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fritz</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Schlaug</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>Amygdala activity can be modulated by unexpected chord functions during music listening</article-title>. <source>Neuroimage</source><volume>3</volume>, <fpage>1815</fpage>–<lpage>1819</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/wnr.0b013e32831a8722</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19050462</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Koelsch</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fritz</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Schulze</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Alsop</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Schlaug</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2005</year>). <article-title>Adults and children processing music: an fMRI study</article-title>. <source>Neuroimage</source><volume>25</volume>, <fpage>1068</fpage>–<lpage>1076</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.050</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15850725</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Koelsch</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gunter</surname><given-names>T. C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Schröger</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tervaniemi</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sammler</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Friederici</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2001</year>). <article-title>Differentiating ERAN and MMN: an ERP study</article-title>. <source>Neuroimage</source><volume>12</volume>, <fpage>1385</fpage>–<lpage>1389</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/00001756-200105250-00019</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11388416</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Koelsch</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kasper</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sammler</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Schulze</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gunter</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Friederici</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2004</year>). <article-title>Music, language and meaning: brain signatures of semantic processing</article-title>. <source>Nat. Neurosci.</source><volume>7</volume>, <fpage>302</fpage>–<lpage>307</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nn1197</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14983184</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Krumhansl</surname><given-names>C. L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1997</year>). <article-title>An exploratory study of musical emotions and psychophysiology</article-title>. <source>Can. J. Exp. Psychol.</source><volume>51</volume>, <fpage>336</fpage>–<lpage>353</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1037/1196-1961.51.4.336</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9606949</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lehne</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Engel</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rohrmeier</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Menninghaus</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jacobs</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Koelsch</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2015</year>). <article-title>Reading a suspenseful literary text activates brain areas related to social cognition and predictive inference</article-title>. <source>PLoS ONE</source><volume>10</volume>:<fpage>e0124550</fpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0124550</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25946306</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lehne</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Koelsch</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2015</year>). <article-title>Toward a general psychological model of tension and suspense</article-title>. <source>Front. Psychol.</source><volume>6</volume>:<fpage>79</fpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00079</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25717309</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lehne</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Rohrmeier</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Koelsch</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>Tension-related activity in the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala: an fMRI study with music</article-title>. <source>Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci.</source><volume>9</volume>, <fpage>1515</fpage>–<lpage>1523</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/scan/nst141</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23974947</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lerdahl</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name><surname>Krumhansl</surname><given-names>C. L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2007</year>). <article-title>Modeling tonal tension</article-title>. <source>Music. Percept.</source><volume>24</volume>, <fpage>329</fpage>–<lpage>366</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1525/mp.2007.24.4.329</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Levinson</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2004</year>). <article-title>Music as narrative and music as drama</article-title>. <source>Mind Lang.</source><volume>19</volume>, <fpage>428</fpage>–<lpage>441</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.0268-1064.2004.00267.x</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Mai</surname><given-names>X.</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>The default mode network and social understanding of others: what do brain connectivity studies tell us</article-title>. <source>Front. Hum. Neurosci.</source><volume>8</volume>:<fpage>74</fpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fnhum.2014.00074</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24605094</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>Longinus</collab></person-group> (<year>1965</year>). <article-title>“On the sublime,”</article-title> in <comment>Aristotle/Horace/Longinus</comment>, <source>Classical Literary Criticism</source>, trans. <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Dorsch</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<publisher-loc>Baltimore</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Penguin Books</publisher-name>), <fpage>97</fpage>–<lpage>158</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Madsen</surname><given-names>C. K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fredrickson</surname><given-names>W. E.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1993</year>). <article-title>The experience of musical tension: a replication of Nielsen’s research using the continuous response digital interface</article-title>. <source>J. Music Ther.</source><volume>30</volume>, <fpage>46</fpage>–<lpage>63</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/jmt/30.1.46</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Maess</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><name><surname>Koelsch</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gunter</surname><given-names>T. C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Friederici</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2001</year>). <article-title>Musical syntax is processed in the area of Broca: an MEG-study</article-title>. <source>Nat. Neurosci.</source><volume>4</volume>, <fpage>540</fpage>–<lpage>545</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/87502</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11319564</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mar</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2011</year>). <article-title>The neural bases of social cognition and story comprehension</article-title>. <source>Ann. Rev. Psychol.</source><volume>62</volume>, <fpage>103</fpage>–<lpage>134</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1146/annurev-psych-120709-145406</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21126178</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mar</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Oatley</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>The function of fiction is the abstraction and simulation of social experience</article-title>. <source>Perspect. Psychol. Sci.</source><volume>3</volume>, <fpage>173</fpage>–<lpage>192</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00073.x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26158934</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Maus</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1991</year>). <article-title>Music as narrative</article-title>. <source>Indiana Theory Rev.</source><volume>12</volume>, <fpage>1</fpage>–<lpage>34</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Meyer</surname><given-names>L. B.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1956</year>). <source>Emotion and Meaning in Music</source>. <publisher-loc>Chicago</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Chicago University Press</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Miall</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kuiken</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1994</year>). <article-title>Foregrounding, defamiliarization, and affect—response to literary stories</article-title>. <source>Poetics</source><volume>22</volume>, <fpage>389</fpage>–<lpage>407</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0304-422X(94)00011-5</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Miall</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Kuiken</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2002</year>). <article-title>A feeling for fiction: becoming what we behold</article-title>. <source>Poetics</source><volume>30</volume>, <fpage>221</fpage>–<lpage>241</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0304-422X(02)00011-6</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Miu</surname><given-names>A. C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Baltes</surname><given-names>F. R.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2012</year>). <article-title>Empathy manipulation impacts music-induced emotions: a psychophysiological study on opera</article-title>. <source>PLoS ONE</source><volume>7</volume>:<fpage>e30618</fpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0030618</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22292000</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nummenmaa</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Saarimaki</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Glerean</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name><surname>Gotsopoulos</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Jaaskelainen</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hari</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>Emotional speech synchronizes brains across listeners and engages large-scale dynamic brain networks</article-title>. <source>Neuroimage</source><volume>102</volume>, <fpage>498</fpage>–<lpage>509</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.063</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25128711</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Oatley</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1994</year>). <article-title>A taxonomy of the emotions of literary response and a theory of identification in fictional narrative</article-title>. <source>Poetics</source><volume>23</volume>, <fpage>53</fpage>–<lpage>74</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0304-422X(94)P4296-S</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Oatley</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2002</year>). <article-title>“Emotions and the story worlds of fiction,”</article-title> in <source>Narrative Impact: Social and Cognitive Foundations</source>, eds <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Green</surname><given-names>M. C.</given-names></name><name><surname>Strange</surname><given-names>J. J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Brock</surname><given-names>T. C.</given-names></name></person-group> (<publisher-loc>Mahwah, NJ</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Lawrence Erlbaum Associates</publisher-name>), <fpage>39</fpage>–<lpage>69</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Omigie</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2015</year>). <article-title>Dopamine and epistemic curiosity in music listening</article-title>. <source>Cogn. Neurosci.</source><volume>14</volume>, <fpage>1</fpage>–<lpage>2</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/17588928.2015.1051013</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26073880</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Omigie</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Pearce</surname><given-names>M. T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stewart</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2012</year>). <article-title>Tracking of pitch probabilities in congenital amusia</article-title>. <source>Neuropsychologia</source><volume>50</volume>, <fpage>1483</fpage>–<lpage>1493</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.02.034</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22414591</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B68"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Omigie</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Pearce</surname><given-names>M. T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Williamson</surname><given-names>V. J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stewart</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2013</year>). <article-title>Electrophysiological correlates of melodic processing in congenital amusia</article-title>. <source>Neuropsychologia</source><volume>51</volume>, <fpage>1749</fpage>–<lpage>1762</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.05.010</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23707539</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B69"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Patel</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <source>Music, Language, and the Brain</source>. <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B70"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rabkin</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1973</year>). <source>Narrative Suspense: “When Slim Turned Sideways…”</source><publisher-loc>Ann Arbor, MI</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>University of Michigan Press</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B71"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Robinson</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2007</year>). <source>Deeper than Reason. Emotion and its Role in Literature, Music and Art</source>. <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B72"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Salimpoor</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Benovoy</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Larcher</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dagher</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zatorre</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2011</year>). <article-title>Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music</article-title>. <source>Nat. Neurosci.</source><volume>14</volume>, <fpage>257</fpage>–<lpage>262</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nn.2726</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21217764</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B73"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schubotz</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2007</year>). <article-title>Prediction of external events with our motor system: towards a new framework</article-title>. <source>Trends. Cogn. Sci.</source><volume>11</volume>, <fpage>211</fpage>–<lpage>218</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.tics.2007.02.006</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17383218</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B74"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schulte-Ruther</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Markowitsch</surname><given-names>H. J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Fink</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Piefke</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2007</year>). <article-title>Mirror neuron and theory of mind mechanisms involved in face-to-face interactions: a functional magnetic resonance imaging approach to empathy</article-title>. <source>J. Cogn. Neurosci.</source><volume>19</volume>, <fpage>1354</fpage>–<lpage>1372</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1162/jocn.2007.19.8.1354</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17651008</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B75"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shamay-Tsoory</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Aharon-Peretz</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Perry</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2009</year>). <article-title>Two systems for empathy: a double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions</article-title>. <source>Brain</source><volume>132</volume>, <fpage>617</fpage>–<lpage>627</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/brain/awn279</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18971202</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B76"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shamay-Tsoory</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name><name><surname>Tomer</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Berger</surname><given-names>B. D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Aharon-Peretz</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2003</year>). <article-title>Characterization of empathy deficits following prefrontal brain damage: the role of the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex</article-title>. <source>J. Cogn. Neurosci.</source><volume>15</volume>, <fpage>324</fpage>–<lpage>337</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1162/089892903321593063</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12729486</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B77"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Slevc</surname><given-names>L. R.</given-names></name><name><surname>Patel</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2011</year>). <article-title>Meaning in music and language: three key differences. Comment on “Towards a neural basis of processing musical semantics” by Stefan Koelsch</article-title>. <source>Phys. Life Rev.</source><volume>8</volume>, <fpage>110</fpage>–<lpage>111</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.plrev.2011.05.003</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21570367</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B78"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Steinbeis</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Koelsch</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Sloboda</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2006</year>). <article-title>The role of harmonic expectancy violations in musical emotions: evidence from subjective physiological and neural responses</article-title>. <source>J. Cogn. Neurosci.</source><volume>18</volume>, <fpage>1380</fpage>–<lpage>1393</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1162/jocn.2006.18.8.1380</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16859422</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B79"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Steinbeis</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Koelsch</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>Shared neural resources between music and language indicate semantic processing of musical tension-resolution patterns</article-title>. <source>Cereb. Cortex</source><volume>18</volume>, <fpage>1169</fpage>–<lpage>1178</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/cercor/bhm149</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17720685</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B80"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Steinbeis</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name><surname>Koelsch</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2009</year>). <article-title>Understanding the intentions behind man-made products elicits neural activity in areas dedicated to mental state attribution</article-title>. <source>Cereb. Cortex</source><volume>19</volume>, <fpage>619</fpage>–<lpage>623</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/cercor/bhn110</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18603608</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B81"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Taruffi</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Koelsch</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>The paradox of music-evoked sadness: an online survey</article-title>. <source>PLoS ONE</source><volume>9</volume>:<fpage>e110490</fpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0110490</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25330315</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B82"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Trost</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Ethofer</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Zentner</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Vuilleumier</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2012</year>). <article-title>Mapping aesthetic musical emotions in the brain</article-title>. <source>Cereb. Cortex</source><volume>22</volume>, <fpage>2769</fpage>–<lpage>2783</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/cercor/bhr353</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22178712</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B83"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>van Overwalle</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2009</year>). <article-title>Social cognition and the brain: a meta-analysis</article-title>. <source>Hum. Brain Mapp.</source><volume>30</volume>, <fpage>829</fpage>–<lpage>858</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/hbm.20547</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18381770</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B84"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>van Peer</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1986</year>). <source>Stylistics and Psychology: Investigations of Foregrounding</source>. <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Croom Helm</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B85"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wallentin</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nielsen</surname><given-names>A. H.</given-names></name><name><surname>Vuust</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name><surname>Dohn</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Roerpstoff</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lund</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2011</year>). <article-title>Amygdala and heart rate variability responses from listening to emotionally intense parts of a story</article-title>. <source>Neuroimage</source><volume>58</volume>, <fpage>963</fpage>–<lpage>973</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.077</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21749924</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B86"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wilkins</surname><given-names>R. W.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hodges</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Laurienti</surname><given-names>P. J.</given-names></name><name><surname>Stehen</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Burdette</surname><given-names>J. H.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2014</year>). <article-title>Network science and the effects of music preference on functional brain connectivity: from Beethoven to Eminem</article-title>. <source>Sci. Rep.</source><volume>4</volume>, <fpage>6130</fpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/srep06130</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25167363</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B87"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zillmann</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1980</year>). <article-title>“Anatomy of suspense,”</article-title> in <source>The Entertainment Functions of Television</source>, ed. <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Tannenbaum</surname><given-names>P. H.</given-names></name></person-group> (<publisher-loc>Hillsdale, NJ</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Lawrence Erlbaum Associates</publisher-name>). <fpage>133</fpage>–<lpage>163</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B88"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zillmann</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Hay</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name><surname>Bryant</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>1975</year>). <article-title>The effect of suspense and its resolution on the appreciation of dramatic presentations</article-title>. <source>J. Res. Personal.</source><volume>9</volume>, <fpage>307</fpage>–<lpage>323</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0092-6566(75)90005-7</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B89"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zunshine</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> (<year>2006</year>). <source>Why We Read Fiction: Theory of Mind and the Novel</source>. <publisher-loc>Columbus, OH</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Ohio State</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Musique/explor/OperaV1/Data/Pmc/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000029 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 000029 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Musique
|area= OperaV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4547007
|texte= Music and literature: are there shared empathy and predictive mechanisms underlying their affective impact?
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26379583" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a OperaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.21. |  |