Temporal and spatial acoustical factors for listeners in the boxes of historical opera theatres
Identifieur interne :
000106 ( PascalFrancis/Curation );
précédent :
000105;
suivant :
000107
Temporal and spatial acoustical factors for listeners in the boxes of historical opera theatres
Auteurs : H. Sakai [
Japon] ;
Y. Ando [
Japon] ;
N. Prodi [
Italie] ;
R. Pompoli [
Italie]
Source :
-
Journal of sound and vibration [ 0022-460X ] ; 2002.
RBID : Pascal:03-0085505
Descripteurs français
English descriptors
Abstract
Acoustical measurements were conducted in a horseshoe-shaped opera house to clarify the acoustical quality of a sound field for listeners inside the boxes of an historical opera house. In order to investigate the effects of multiple reflections between the walls inside a box and scattering by the heads of people, the location of the receiver and the number of persons in the box were varied. In each configuration, four orthogonal factors and supplementary factors were derived as temporal and spatial factors by analysis of binaural impulse responses. Each factor is compared to that at a typical location in the stalls of the same theatre. An omni-directional sound source was located on the stage to emulate a singer or in the orchestra pit to reproduce the location of the musicians. Thus, in this paper, temporal and spatial factors in relation to subjective evaluation are characterized against changes in the listening conditions inside a box, and procedures for improvement and design methods for boxes are proposed. The main conclusions reached are as follows. As strong reflections from the lateral walls of a hall are screened by the front or side walls of a box for a receiver in a seat deeper in the box, the maximum listening level (LL) in the boxes was observed at the front of the box, and the maximum range of LL values for each box was found to be 5 dB. Concerning the initial time delay gap (Δt1), a more uniform listening environment was obtained in boxes further back in the theatre than in one closer to the stage. The subsequent reverberation time (Tsub) lengthens for boxes closer to the stage due to the stage house with its huge volume, and a peak is observed at 1 kHz. For the box at the back, Tsub monotonically decreases with frequency in the same way as in the stalls, and moreover, its values approach those in the stalls. As the contribution of multiple reflections relatively increases for a receiver deeper in the box, the IA CC in such positions decreases in comparison with that seen at the front of the box.
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| A08 | 01 | 1 | ENG | @1 Temporal and spatial acoustical factors for listeners in the boxes of historical opera theatres |
|---|
| A09 | 01 | 1 | ENG | @1 Concert hall acoustics and opera house acoustics |
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| A11 | 01 | 1 | | @1 SAKAI (H.) |
|---|
| A11 | 02 | 1 | | @1 ANDO (Y.) |
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| A11 | 03 | 1 | | @1 PRODI (N.) |
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| A11 | 04 | 1 | | @1 POMPOLI (R.) |
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| A14 | 01 | | | @1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokkodai @2 Nada, Kobe 657-8501 @3 JPN @Z 1 aut. @Z 2 aut. |
|---|
| A14 | 02 | | | @1 Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1 @2 44100 Ferrara @3 ITA @Z 3 aut. @Z 4 aut. |
|---|
| A15 | 01 | | | @1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada @2 Kobe 657-8501 @3 JPN @Z 1 aut. |
|---|
| A15 | 02 | | | @1 Faculty of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat @2 44 100 Ferrara @3 ITA @Z 2 aut. |
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| A20 | | | | @1 527-547 |
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| A21 | | | | @1 2002 |
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| A23 | 01 | | | @0 ENG |
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| A44 | | | | @0 0000 @1 © 2003 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved. |
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| A64 | 01 | 1 | | @0 Journal of sound and vibration |
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| C01 | 01 | | ENG | @0 Acoustical measurements were conducted in a horseshoe-shaped opera house to clarify the acoustical quality of a sound field for listeners inside the boxes of an historical opera house. In order to investigate the effects of multiple reflections between the walls inside a box and scattering by the heads of people, the location of the receiver and the number of persons in the box were varied. In each configuration, four orthogonal factors and supplementary factors were derived as temporal and spatial factors by analysis of binaural impulse responses. Each factor is compared to that at a typical location in the stalls of the same theatre. An omni-directional sound source was located on the stage to emulate a singer or in the orchestra pit to reproduce the location of the musicians. Thus, in this paper, temporal and spatial factors in relation to subjective evaluation are characterized against changes in the listening conditions inside a box, and procedures for improvement and design methods for boxes are proposed. The main conclusions reached are as follows. As strong reflections from the lateral walls of a hall are screened by the front or side walls of a box for a receiver in a seat deeper in the box, the maximum listening level (LL) in the boxes was observed at the front of the box, and the maximum range of LL values for each box was found to be 5 dB. Concerning the initial time delay gap (Δt1), a more uniform listening environment was obtained in boxes further back in the theatre than in one closer to the stage. The subsequent reverberation time (Tsub) lengthens for boxes closer to the stage due to the stage house with its huge volume, and a peak is observed at 1 kHz. For the box at the back, Tsub monotonically decreases with frequency in the same way as in the stalls, and moreover, its values approach those in the stalls. As the contribution of multiple reflections relatively increases for a receiver deeper in the box, the IA CC in such positions decreases in comparison with that seen at the front of the box. |
|---|
| C02 | 01 | X | | @0 001B40C55 |
|---|
| C03 | 01 | X | FRE | @0 Acoustique salle @5 01 |
|---|
| C03 | 01 | X | ENG | @0 Room acoustics @5 01 |
|---|
| C03 | 01 | X | SPA | @0 Acústica sala @5 01 |
|---|
| C03 | 02 | X | FRE | @0 Salle concert @5 02 |
|---|
| C03 | 02 | X | ENG | @0 Concert hall @5 02 |
|---|
| C03 | 02 | X | SPA | @0 Sala concierto @5 02 |
|---|
| C03 | 03 | X | FRE | @0 Réponse impulsion @5 03 |
|---|
| C03 | 03 | X | ENG | @0 Pulse response @5 03 |
|---|
| C03 | 03 | X | SPA | @0 Respuesta impulsión @5 03 |
|---|
| C03 | 04 | X | FRE | @0 Réverbération acoustique @5 04 |
|---|
| C03 | 04 | X | ENG | @0 Acoustic reverberation @5 04 |
|---|
| C03 | 04 | X | SPA | @0 Reverberatión aćustica @5 04 |
|---|
| C03 | 05 | X | FRE | @0 Qualité sonore @5 11 |
|---|
| C03 | 05 | X | ENG | @0 Sound quality @5 11 |
|---|
| C03 | 05 | X | SPA | @0 Calidad sonora @5 11 |
|---|
| C03 | 06 | X | FRE | @0 Audition binaurale @5 12 |
|---|
| C03 | 06 | X | ENG | @0 Binaural hearing @5 12 |
|---|
| C03 | 06 | X | SPA | @0 Audición binaural @5 12 |
|---|
| C03 | 07 | X | FRE | @0 4355 @2 PAC @4 INC @5 56 |
|---|
| N21 | | | | @1 048 |
|---|
| N82 | | | | @1 PSI |
|---|
|
|---|
| pR |
| A30 | 01 | 1 | ENG | @1 ICA: International Conference on Acoustics @2 17 @3 Rome ITA @4 2001-09-03 |
|---|
|
|---|
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Le document en format XML
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</keywords><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Acoustical measurements were conducted in a horseshoe-shaped opera house to clarify the acoustical quality of a sound field for listeners inside the boxes of an historical opera house. In order to investigate the effects of multiple reflections between the walls inside a box and scattering by the heads of people, the location of the receiver and the number of persons in the box were varied. In each configuration, four orthogonal factors and supplementary factors were derived as temporal and spatial factors by analysis of binaural impulse responses. Each factor is compared to that at a typical location in the stalls of the same theatre. An omni-directional sound source was located on the stage to emulate a singer or in the orchestra pit to reproduce the location of the musicians. Thus, in this paper, temporal and spatial factors in relation to subjective evaluation are characterized against changes in the listening conditions inside a box, and procedures for improvement and design methods for boxes are proposed. The main conclusions reached are as follows. As strong reflections from the lateral walls of a hall are screened by the front or side walls of a box for a receiver in a seat deeper in the box, the maximum listening level (LL) in the boxes was observed at the front of the box, and the maximum range of LL values for each box was found to be 5 dB. Concerning the initial time delay gap (Δt<sub>1</sub>
), a more uniform listening environment was obtained in boxes further back in the theatre than in one closer to the stage. The subsequent reverberation time (T<sub>sub</sub>
) lengthens for boxes closer to the stage due to the stage house with its huge volume, and a peak is observed at 1 kHz. For the box at the back, T<sub>sub</sub>
monotonically decreases with frequency in the same way as in the stalls, and moreover, its values approach those in the stalls. As the contribution of multiple reflections relatively increases for a receiver deeper in the box, the IA CC in such positions decreases in comparison with that seen at the front of the box.</div><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0022-460X</s0>
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</fA11><fA12 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>ANDO (Y.)</s1>
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<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokkodai</s1>
<s2>Nada, Kobe 657-8501</s2>
<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1</s1>
<s2>44100 Ferrara</s2>
<s3>ITA</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</fA14><fA15 i1="01"><s1>Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada</s1>
<s2>Kobe 657-8501</s2>
<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</fA15><fA15 i1="02"><s1>Faculty of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat</s1>
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<s3>ITA</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
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</fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Acoustical measurements were conducted in a horseshoe-shaped opera house to clarify the acoustical quality of a sound field for listeners inside the boxes of an historical opera house. In order to investigate the effects of multiple reflections between the walls inside a box and scattering by the heads of people, the location of the receiver and the number of persons in the box were varied. In each configuration, four orthogonal factors and supplementary factors were derived as temporal and spatial factors by analysis of binaural impulse responses. Each factor is compared to that at a typical location in the stalls of the same theatre. An omni-directional sound source was located on the stage to emulate a singer or in the orchestra pit to reproduce the location of the musicians. Thus, in this paper, temporal and spatial factors in relation to subjective evaluation are characterized against changes in the listening conditions inside a box, and procedures for improvement and design methods for boxes are proposed. The main conclusions reached are as follows. As strong reflections from the lateral walls of a hall are screened by the front or side walls of a box for a receiver in a seat deeper in the box, the maximum listening level (LL) in the boxes was observed at the front of the box, and the maximum range of LL values for each box was found to be 5 dB. Concerning the initial time delay gap (Δt<sub>1</sub>
), a more uniform listening environment was obtained in boxes further back in the theatre than in one closer to the stage. The subsequent reverberation time (T<sub>sub</sub>
) lengthens for boxes closer to the stage due to the stage house with its huge volume, and a peak is observed at 1 kHz. For the box at the back, T<sub>sub</sub>
monotonically decreases with frequency in the same way as in the stalls, and moreover, its values approach those in the stalls. As the contribution of multiple reflections relatively increases for a receiver deeper in the box, the IA CC in such positions decreases in comparison with that seen at the front of the box.</s0><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>001B40C55</s0>
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</fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Reverberatión aćustica</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
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</fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Audición binaural</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>4355</s0>
<s2>PAC</s2>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>56</s5>
</fC03><fN21><s1>048</s1>
</fN21><fN82><s1>PSI</s1>
</fN82><pR><fA30 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>ICA: International Conference on Acoustics</s1>
<s2>17</s2>
<s3>Rome ITA</s3>
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